Cleaners
The first step and basic stage of skin care is cleansing. Because the skin is an organ that is easily affected by external factors. Dirt and dust in the air throughout the day, dead cells formed as a result of skin regeneration, make-up and cosmetic residues, and the skin’s natural oil secretion cover the skin surface, clog the pores and cause the skin to look lifeless and dull. These accumulations, which fill the skin pores, oxidize and turn into black spots.
A dirty skin clogged with blackheads cannot absorb any applied product. Because the skin is an organ that breathes and absorbs with the pores in its structure. Cosmetic products for moisturizing or nourishing applied to unclean skin cannot reach the lower layers of the skin and do not provide an effect on the skin. The skin cannot be adequately nourished in terms of both the active substances contained in cosmetic products and oxygen. Therefore, the first step and prerequisite of skin care is cleaning.
The use of soaps that we are traditionally accustomed to in skin cleansing can disrupt the natural pH balance of the skin. For this reason, the most suitable cleaning products for the structure of the skin and the purpose should be used. The features that the cleaners used should have can be listed as follows:
– It should clean the skin well and deeply.
– It should not leave any residue or layer on the skin.
– It should be easy to apply and remove from the skin.
– It should not make the skin feel tight, dry or oily.
Most of the cosmetic products prepared for skin cleansing are emulsion.
Types of Cleansing Cosmetics
Creams
Cleansing creams are products that not only have effective cleaning properties but also retain moisture and prevent drying of the skin with the thin layer they form on the skin. Therefore, it is especially suitable for use on dry skin. It is applied on the skin by massaging with fingertips. Thus, the dirt layer and make-up residues on the face dissolve in the applied cream. The oil and water ratio in their structure is divided into two groups:
– Creams with high oil content should be washed away from the skin in order not to leave a very dense layer on the skin. Suitable for oil-free dry skin.
– Creams with high water content have a lighter structure. It is removed by wiping from the skin. It does not leave any residue on the skin. Suitable for dehydrated dry skin.
Application Method
A sufficient amount of cleansing cream is placed on the palm. The hands are rubbed together and spread over the entire palm. Then it is fed to the face, neck and décolleté with soft massage movements in the direction of the muscles. It is ensured that the cream applied with massage movements dissolves the dirt and residues on the face. It should never be applied around the eyes. During application, care should be taken not to let the product get into the mouth, nose and eyes. After 1–2 minutes of massage, the product is removed from the skin by washing it in accordance with its technique or by wiping with a damp cotton or sponge.
Gels
They are products that have moisturizing properties while cleaning the skin. The use of these products, which have a soft and slippery structure, has increased day by day. It is especially preferred for make-up removal. They are examined in two groups according to the oil and water ratio in their structure:
– Aqueous gels contain little or no oil. It is used for light make-up removal. It can be removed from the skin by both wiping and washing. Due to its low oil content, it is particularly suitable for oily and acne-prone skin.
– Oily gels are products in the form of emulsions or liquid crystals. It has a high cleaning power with a small amount of oil in its structures. For this reason, it is used for heavy make-up cleaning.
Application Method
Aqueous gels usually have foaming properties. Therefore, first the skin is slightly moistened with water. Sufficient amount of cleansing gel is taken into the palm. It spreads to the skin with massage movements in the direction of the muscle, first to the whole hand and then to the muscle. Hands can be slightly wetted from time to time to ensure the slipperiness of the skin during the massage. If there is acne formation on the skin, massage movements should be extremely gentle. The gel-soluble soil layer is preferably washed away from the skin. Unless there is a warning to the contrary on the product package, it should not be applied around the eyes. During application, care should be taken not to let the product get into the mouth, nose and eyes.
The application method of oily gels is also the same. Sufficient amount of oily gel handled is fed to the skin with massage movements in the direction of the muscle. Massage is continued until the make-up layer on the skin dissolves, as they are used for heavy make-up removal rather than dirt. Then the skin is preferably washed and rinsed. Unless there is a warning to the contrary on the product package, it should not be applied around the eyes. During application, care should be taken not to let the product get into the mouth, nose and eyes.
Lotions
They are recommended for those who do not want to use soap, especially for light make-up removal or for morning face cleaning. A high percentage of surfactant (foaming) can be added to the content to increase the cleaning power. Their appearance is transparent, semi-transparent or opaque. Lotions are of two types.
– Transparent lotions containing alcohol are products that are especially preferred for acne-prone and young skin, and also contain moisturizers. They are practical and fast to use. It creates a fresh feeling on the skin. The alcohol in its structure also provides disinfection on the skin.
– Those in the form of cleansing milk are oil/water type emulsions. The amount of surfactant in their structures is low. Suitable for skin types between normal and oily. In addition, these products are ideal for preparing a suitable floor under make-up.
Application Method
The lotion, which is transparent and contains alcohol, is taken into the palm. The hands are rubbed together and spread over the entire palm. It spreads to the skin with massaging movements in the direction of the muscle. After the dirt layer on the face dissolves, it is removed from the skin by wiping with a damp cotton or sponge. If there is acne formation on the skin, both massage movements and wiping of the product should be done as lightly as possible. This prevents acne breakouts from spreading to the skin. During application, care should be taken not to let the product get into the mouth, nose and eyes.
Cleaning milks are applied to the skin with cotton. Sufficient amount of cleansing milk taken on cotton is applied to the skin with small wiping movements. These products do not rinse and leave a light film on the skin. This layer forms the basis for the make-up to be applied after cleaning. During application, care should be taken not to let the product get into the mouth, nose and eyes.
Foams
They are products with very good cleaning properties. They contain moisturizing and emollient substances in their structure. In addition, surfactants are added for foam formation. There are types in the market in the form of soft cream or packaged in the form of aerosols. Suitable for combination and oily skin.
Application Method
Cream-shaped products are foamed with some water and rubbed into the skin. It is massaged in the direction of the muscle and fed to the entire skin. After dissolving the dirt layer, it is washed away from the skin. During application, care should be taken not to let the product get into the mouth, nose and eyes.
Products in the form of aerosols (like shaving foams) are handled by squeezing out of the box. It spreads to the skin with massaging movements in the direction of the muscle. The soft structure of the foam also allows the skin to relax and rest. After the dirt layer on the face is dissolved, it is removed from the skin by washing it. During application, care should be taken not to let the product get into the mouth, nose and eyes.
Oils
They are products in the form of liquid oil used especially for removing very heavy make-up (such as clown make-up). There are also formulations prepared in this structure that can also be used for cleaning mascara and eye make-up. It is removed from the skin by washing or wiping. The ones that are removed by washing contain surfactants in their structure.
Application Method
Like the structure of the oils, the application is also different. Oils, which are generally offered for use in a tube or pump system, are poured onto a cotton ball. With cotton, the dirt and make-up layer on the skin is wiped in the direction of the muscle and cleaned. In practice, it is necessary to renew the cotton several times according to the amount of dirt and make-up on the skin. Oils are also often used for eye make-up removal. It is especially ideal for cleaning waterproof mascaras. The application in the eye area is done in the same way. With the oil poured on the cotton, the eyes are wiped from the inside out and with the movements made from top to bottom without pressing too much. The oily layer that the oils will leave on the skin after the application should be cleaned with a light cleansing foam. During application, care should be taken not to let the product get into the mouth, nose and eyes.
Eye Makeup Removal Cosmetics
They are cosmetics specially produced for the eye area. There are different types of these cosmetics, such as skin cleansing cosmetics. Oil-based cleansers are preferred for make-up removal. There are more special cosmetics for removing waterproof eye make-up.
Features that should be in eye makeup removers:
– It should gently and easily remove your eye make-up without irritating your eyelids.
– It should not cause irritation.
– It should not be allergic.
– It should not dry the eye area.
– It should remove waterproof eye make-up and mascara without forcing.
– It should not leave an oily residue.
– It should give the skin a feeling of cleanliness and freshness after use.
Application Method
A few drops are poured onto a makeup wipe or cotton pad. The eye area is gently cleaned without pulling. Rinse with water or wipe with a clean wet tissue.
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