4. Critical Prohibitions in Sting Management
Certain common but misguided practices can worsen a jellyfish sting by causing more nematocysts to fire. The following actions should be strictly avoided:
| Action to Avoid | Rationale |
| Using Fresh Water | Causes osmotic changes that trigger remaining nematocysts to discharge more venom. Always use saltwater. |
| Applying Ammonia or Urine | These substances are scientifically unproven to be effective. They can trigger nematocysts and, in the case of urine, introduce bacteria and increase the risk of infection. |
| Rubbing or Scraping | Physical pressure will cause unfired nematocysts on the skin to rupture and release their venom. |
| Applying Extreme Cold | Using an ice pack or very cold water may increase the venom’s effect. Heat is the recommended thermal treatment. |