3.0 Infection Risks and Complications
One of the most serious risks following a dog bite is the development of an infection, with symptoms typically emerging within the first 24 to 48 hours.
3.1 Bacterial Infections
A dog’s mouth contains numerous bacteria that can be easily introduced into the skin through a bite. Signs of a bacterial infection include:
- Severe pain at the wound site.
- Increased redness and swelling.
- A notable increase in warmth around the wound.
- Discharge of foul-smelling pus.
- Systemic symptoms like fever, chills, and swelling of regional lymph nodes if the infection progresses.
- Potential for severe complications such as abscesses, osteomyelitis (bone infection), and septic arthritis.
3.2 Tetanus Risk
Tetanus, caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, can be contracted when spores from soil or animal feces enter an open wound. Deep and contaminated wounds from dog bites create a high-risk environment for tetanus. The disease causes severe muscle spasms, lockjaw (trismus), and paralysis, and can be fatal if untreated. A current tetanus vaccination history is crucial for prevention.