6. The Integrated CPR Approach: Rationale for Policy

The combination of artificial respiration with chest compressions, known as Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), is the gold standard for workplace first aid policy in cases of cardiac arrest. The physiological rationale for this integrated approach is absolute: neither technique is sufficient on its own when a victim’s heart has stopped.

Chest compressions alone will circulate blood that is progressively depleted of oxygen, rendering it ineffective for sustaining vital organs. Conversely, providing rescue breaths without chest compressions delivers oxygen to the lungs that cannot be circulated to the brain and other tissues. The two components are therefore critically interdependent.

Policy must mandate that the standard, non-negotiable protocol is a continuous cycle of 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. This cycle must be continued without interruption until one of three definitive events occurs:

1. Professional medical help (e.g., paramedics) arrives and takes over the resuscitation effort.
2. The victim shows definitive signs of life, such as starting to breathe normally.
3. The first aider is physically exhausted and unable to continue safely.

This integrated approach forms the foundation of an effective emergency response, leading directly to a set of clear and actionable recommendations for management.